Table of Content

01 November 2022, Volume 47 Issue 5

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Effects of dietary supplementation with citric acid on growth performance，intestinal immunity function and microflora structure of yellow⁃feathered broilers

LIN Xiajing，MAO Shenli，YE Jinling，GOU Zhongyong，WANG Yibing，FAN Qiuli，JIANG Shouqun*

2022, 47(5):  1-5,58.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.01

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid on growth performance and immune function of yellow?feathered broilerse. A total of three hundred and twenty 1?day?old yellow?feathered broilers （male and female half）were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicate of 20 birds per replicate. The basal diets were supplemented with 0 and 120 mg/kg citric acid，respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary citric acid supplementation had no significant effect on the ADG，ADFI，and F/G（P>0.05） compared with the control group，the ADG of citric acid group increased by 0.52%，ADFI increased by 1.57%；F/G increased by 0.60%. Citric acid had no significant effects on the heart，liver，spleen，lung，and kidney indexes of yellow?feathered broilers at 21 days of age（P>0.05）compared with the control group，the heart index of the citric acid group increased by 1.56%，liver index increased by 25%，lung index increased by 0.98%，renal index decreased by 3.28% . Compared with the control group，dietary supplementation with citric acid had no significant effects on the contents of IL?6，IL?8，IL?10，IL?1β，IFN?γ，TNF?α and sIgA in jejunum mucosa（P>0.05），the contents of jejunum mucosal immune factors IL ?1β、IL ?6、IL ?8、IL ?10、IFN ?γ、sIgA and TNF ?α in citric acid group were increased by 17.54%，10.95%，3.30%，4.59%，0.77%，28.35% and 10.48%，respectively. Dietary supplementation with citric acid significantly decreased the villus height and crypt depth of jejunum（P<0.05），while had no significant effect on the villus height to crypt depth ratio of jejunum（P>0.05）. The ileum villus height was significantly decreased（P< 0.05），but the villus height to crypt depth ratio was 14.7% higher than that of the control group（P>0.05）. Dietary supplementation with citric acid had no significant effect on cecalmicroflora composition（P>0.05）compared with the control group，the number of Escherichia coli，Salmonella，Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in cecum of citric acid group were increased by 0.91% ，4.14% ，0.14% and 0.84% ，respectively，while the number of total bacteria decreased by 0.19%. In conclusion，dietary supplementation with 120 mg/kg citric acid has no significant effects on growth performance，the content of intestinal cytokine and cecal bacterial nember of yellow?feathered broilers，while has certain improvement on ileum mucosal morphology.

Study on the growth and development law of body weight and internal organs of Guangxi Yao chicken

JIA Yusheng1 ，QU Xiaoyun1 ，LI Yi2 ，LIAO Ming1 ，JIANG Weiwei1，2 *

2022, 47(5):  6-12.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.02

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This study aimed to research the growth and development of Yao chicken’s weight and organ under the management procedures of Hongguang agriculture and animal Husbandry Co.，Ltd. From 0 to 15 weeks，120 cocks and 120 hens were randomly selected to weigh and record their body weight every weekend. Thereafter，5 cocks and 5 hens were randomly selected，and the growth and development of main tissues and organs，such as heart，liver， spleen，glandular stomach，muscular stomach，bursa of Fabricius，pancreas and intestine were measured. Results showed that there was significant difference（P<0.05）in body weight of cocks and hens between 2 weeks of age. Meanwhile，there was significant difference（P<0.01）in body weight between cocks and hens in other weeks. The growth inflection points of cocks and hens of Yao chickens were 13.71 weeks and 12.59 weeks，respectively，and their body weight t were 2238.17 g and 1575.96 g，respectively. The change trend of organ index of cocks and hens are consistent. The relative indexes of heart，muscle stomach，glandular stomach，and liver of cocks and hens were higherin the first week，and then decreased gradually. This study showed that Yao chickens give priority to the development of heart，liver，stomach and other important organs，which can contribute to nutrient absorption and increasing body weight in the early growth stage. This study also suggested that the full price and balance of nutritional ratio before 13 weeks should be strengthened in order to improve growth efficiency of Yao chickens.

Comparison of Two Common Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Xinhui Tangerine Pulp by Orthogonal Method

2022, 47(5):  13-17,63.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.03

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In order to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Xinhui orange pulp，ultrasonic extraction method and microwave method were used to compare the optimal extraction process conditions of total flavonoids. The results showed that the optimal process conditions of ultrasonic extraction method were extraction power 75 W，extraction time 45 min and the extraction solvent is 70%. The optimum process conditions of microwave method were microwave power 400 W，extraction time 6 min and solid ?liquid ratio 1︰30. The microwave method is better than ultrasonic extraction method，the extraction rate of total flavonoids was（8.30±0.05）% and（6.31±0.05）%， respectively.

Study on the effects of water extraction technology on the main effective components of Callicarpa nudiflora

ZENG Fulan1 ，FU Jiali2 ，ZHANG Xianying1 ，ZHU Qiong1 ，JI Yikuan1 ，CHEN Qiufeng2 ， CHENG Huailing3 ，LI Meidi1*

2022, 47(5):  18-22.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.04

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of water extraction process on the main active components of Cllicarpa nudiflora. An orthogonal experiment was designed to study optimal water extraction technology of Cllicarpa nudiflora based on the investigating the solid??liquid ratio and the number of decoction times on the contents of luteolin and verbascoside. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of solid ?liquid ratio on the contents of luteolin and verbascoside（P>0.05），but the content of luteolin and verbascoside was the best when the water addition ratio was 14 times. There was a significant difference in the effect of the number of decoction times（P< 0.05），and the contents of verbascoside and luteolin in the extract was the highest when the number of decoctions was 3 times. The orthogonal test results showed that the extraction times had the greatest influence on the contents of multein and luteolin，followed by the extraction time，the ratio of solid to liquid had the least influence，and the optimal water extraction process was 14 times of water for 3 times，and 1 hour each.

Establishment of an indirect immunofluorescence assay for classical swine fever live vaccine（cell line origin）

CHEN Jiankai1，2 ，ZHANG Pu1，2 ，LAI Yuehui2 ，HOU Gaowei2 ，ZHOU Xiaomin2 ，ZENG Yintao2 ， YANG Aobing2 ，QI Dongmei2*

2022, 47(5):  23-27.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.05

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In order to find an alternative laboratory method for the efficacy test of classical swine fever live vaccine （cell line origin），in this study the qualified vaccine was 10 times gradiently diluted with special diluent by doses and inoculated into the cell plate covered with swine testicles cells and cultured for 72 h. The dilution of the positive serum of classical swine fever virus（CSFV）and the goat anti ? pig IgG（FITC marker）was determined as 1∶400 both. A method of indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA）was established for detection of classical swine fever live vaccine （cell line origin），this method has good sensitivity，specificity and reproducibility. The IFA method was used to detect 10 batches of classical swine fever live vaccine（cell line origin），the results were 104.67~105.33TCID50/dose. The established IFA detection method can provide technical support to quality control of classical swine fever live vaccine （cell line origin）.

Determination of 14 quinolones residues in eggs by HPLC⁃ MS/MS with isotopic internal standard

LIU Peiyi ，WU Hongkai* ，LIANG Qiqi，LI Luwen

2022, 47(5):  28-34.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.06

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A high performance liquid chromatography ?tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 quinolones residues in eggs. The samples were extracted with EDTA ? Mcllvaine buffer，followed by defatted with n?hexane，and purified by HLB solid phase extraction column，separated by reversed? phase C 18 column，determined by multiple reaction monitoring positive ion mode，and quantified by isotope internal standard method. Under the optimized conditions，the detection limit and quantification limit of 14 quinolones were 0.5 μg/kg and 2 μg/kg，respectively. The linearity was fine in the range of 2~100 ng/mL，and the correlation coefficients r was greater than 0.99. Adding 2，5，and 10 μg/kg to blank eggs sample，the average recoveries were 83.9%~110.7%，the intra ?assay coefficient of variation were between 1.5% and 13.7%（n=6），and the inter ?assay coefficient of variation were from 4.5% to 13.1%（n=18）. The results showed that the method was sensitive，accurate， and reproducible，and was suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of quinolones residues in eggs.

Research status of porcine epidemic diarrhea and its vaccine

YING Biyun1，2，3 ，ZHU Lisai2，3 ，XIANG Rui1，2，3 ，LI Yiyun1，2，3 ， BAI aiquan1，2* ，WANG Guiping2，3 ，JIA Aiqing2，3*

2022, 47(5):  35-40.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.07

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is one of the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in pigs， causing huge economic losses to the pig industry in my country and even the world. Clinically，piglets within 7 days of age have the highest morbidity rate，and the case fatality rate can reach 100% . At present，vaccines are still an important means of preventing PEDV. This paper analyzes the reasons for the poor immune effect of traditional vaccines from the aspects of epidemiology，clinical symptoms and vaccine research status，and expounds the basic situation of PEDV and its immune prevention and control，so as to provide theoretical reference for the development of new vaccines.

Progress in Utilization of Eichhornia Crassipes as Feed Resource

LING Xinhua1 ，LIU Xinglong1 ，ZHONG shengxiong1 ，XU Guobao1 ，TU Ke1 ，WENG Zhuoxian2 ，YAO Xuejun3

2022, 47(5):  41-45,67.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.08

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Eichhornia crassipes was rich in nutrients and has potential to be used as a non?grain feed. However， according to its own shortcomings，eichhornia crassipes was not easy to develop and utilize.The eichhornia crassipes can be fully developed and utilized by corresponding procession according to its own shortcoming，so as to alleviate the food shortage in China，and promote the development of animal husbandry. In this paper，the conventional nutrients of eichhornia crassipes’，the problems to be faced as the feed resource，the processing methods and the animal feeding effects of animals were reviewed.

Report on ALV Eradication Practice in Nucleus Flocks of Chicken Breeds

CAI Manshan，YAN Xia，JI Jian*

2022, 47(5):  46-49.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.09

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Avian leukosis，group of diseases designates a variety of transmissible benign and malignant neoplasms of chickens caused by members of the avian retrovirus family. Notably，Exogenous avian leukosis viruses （ALVs），including the subgroups A，B，C，D，J，and K has certain pathogenicity and has induced great economic loss to the poultry industry since 1990s. Vertical transmission via directly infected chicken embryos is the main transmission route，therefore，it is crucial to control avian leukosis virus by well eradication of vertical transmission of ALV in broiler breeder flock. In this study，we analyzed the positive incidence rate of ALV in two ALV well?eradicated broiler breeder flocks and their offspring，by virus isolation，egg albumen p27 detection，and pathological analysis. Our results showed that the ALV positive rate in different generations were really low，even close to zero，which strongly suggest that an excellent effect of good ALV eradication in broiler breeder flock will produce offsping with extremely low positive rate of ALV.

Effect of intravenous propofol on canine physiological index

LONG Haibin，DU Zhiguo，NI Qingchun，HU Minhua*

2022, 47(5):  50-53.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.10

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Intravenous propofol can be used to induce and maintain anesthesia in dogs. To fully understand the effects of relevant anesthesia protocols on dogs and ensure the safety and accuracy of experimental results，this paper reviewed the changes of different physiological indexes （including cardiovascular function，respiratory function， intraocular pressure and immune status）of dogs anesthetized by propofol in veterinary clinic，which aims to provide reference for the formulation of anesthetic program for experimental dogs.

A case report of canine chronic bronchitis

LUO Zipeng，DING Qingyu，LI Lei，YOU Jianyi，ZHANG Hui，GUO Jianying，TANG Zhaoxin，HAN Qingyue*

2022, 47(5):  54-58.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.11

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Canine chronic bronchitis refers to chronic non ? specific inflammation of the trachea，bronchial mucosa，and surrounding tissues，usually due to long ?term stimulation of pathogenic factors，delay in treatment of acute cases，or improper husbandry. Through the diagnosis and treatment of a canine chronic bronchitis case，the pathogenesis and prevention methods were discussed to provide some references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Diagnosis and treatment of linear intestinal foreign body in a felis catus

WU Zhiwen1 ，HUANG Bixia2 ，HU Lianmei1 ，GUO Jianying1*

2022, 47(5):  59-63.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.12

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Intestinal obstruction in cats is a disease characterized by intestinal dysfunction and difficulty in transporting contents. It is difficult to distinguish between mechanical obstruction and functional obstruction with low opacity. This case was a felis catus with a history of repeated vomiting. No obvious foreign body was found after plain X? ray，and linear intestinal foreign body was diagnosed by abdominal b ? ultrasound，and then surgical treatment was performed under the guidance of sterile urethral catheter. Postoperative b?ultrasound was used to monitor the intestinal recovery，diagnose functional obstruction caused by gastrointestinal inflammation and evaluate the intestinal healing at the operative site，providing a basis for subsequent treatment with a good prognosis.

Diagnosis and treatment of a canine breast tumor

Zhang Zhihong1 ，Zhou Fangjun2 ，Li Xiongjian2 ，He Lianyou2 ，Qiu Zhuoxi1*

2022, 47(5):  64-67.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.13

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After clinical examination，blood routine and blood biochemical examination，abdominal ultrasound and chest X ? ray examination of a 6 ? year ? old non neutered female poodle with unilateral multiple breast mass，a unilateral total mastectomy was performed for the dog，and the tumor and related lymph nodes were examined by pathological section. It was diagnosed as malignant mixed tumer. This paper summarizes this disease in order to provide some reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors.

Discussion on common problems in ELISA test in veterinary laboratory

Huang Liju，He Qisong，Lan Huihua，Huang Shengbin，Zhou Qingan，Han Yinhua*

2022, 47(5):  68-70.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2022.05.14

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The detection of serum antibodies in the veterinary laboratory mainly adopts the ELISA detection method. This paper discusses the common problems in the daily ELISA test based on the actual operation summary of the veterinary laboratory. It is found that the influencing factors of the common problems in the ELISA test include sample processing，experimental operation methods，experimental equipment，and so on. It is suggested that the ELISA operation method must be strictly mastered in veterinary laboratory testing to reduce or avoid experimental failures caused by operational errors. This article can provide help for veterinary laboratory colleagues.