Manuscript Processing

• 1. Review Process

      This journal's manuscript review process consists of reviews by editors, peer experts, the Associate Editors-in-Chief, and the Editor-in-Chief. The detailed procedure is as follows:

  (1) Initial Review: The editors review the content, format, and similarity rate of the manuscript. They also verify the Chinese Library Classification (CLC) codes, document identifiers, and other required information.

  (2) Secondary Review: Based on the research content, the editor assigns the manuscript to external reviewers of relevant fields. The journal adopts a single-blind peer review system, and each manuscript is evaluated by two independent external reviewers. Based on the reviewers' comments, the editor provides feedback to the authors and guides them in revising the manuscript. Typically, a paper undergoes 3–5 rounds of revision during this stage.

  (3) Third Review: The editor revises and polishes the author's revised manuscript before submitting it to an Associate Editor-in-Chief for further review. According to the feedback of the Associate Editor-in-Chief, the editor again communicates with the author for necessary revisions. Typically, a paper undergoes two additional rounds of revision at this stage.

  (4) Final Review: The Editor-in-Chief conducts the final review. The editor then communicates the comments of the Editor-in-Chief to the author and provides guidance for final revisions. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of the manuscript.

  
  

  2. Review of Internal Submissions

      Manuscripts submitted by members of the editorial board, editors, or external reviewers are subject to the same review process described above. The review of such manuscripts is conducted independently of the submitting editor, editorial board member, reviewer, or their research team. In addition, editorial board members, editors, and reviewers must not participate in the review of manuscripts authored by themselves, their family members, colleagues, or any individuals with whom they have a conflict of interest.

  
  

  3. Review of Special Issue Submissions

      The review process outlined above applies to all submissions, including those submitted to special issues. All manuscripts undergo the same review and editorial procedures, and the Editor-in-Chief makes the final acceptance decision. The Editor-in-Chief holds full responsibility for the entire journal content, including that of special issues.

       For certain special issues, the editorial office may select experts in relevant fields to serve as Guest Editors. Guest Editors are responsible for assisting the editorial office in soliciting papers and organizing peer reviews. Their work is carried out under the supervision of the Editor-in-Chief and editors to ensure the fairness and integrity of the review and handling of special issue manuscripts.

  
  

  4. Academic Misconduct Detection

      The editorial office uses the Academic Misconduct Literature Check System (AMLC) provided by CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) to screen all submitted manuscripts for similarity and potential plagiarism.

      The journal strictly prohibits all forms of academic misconduct, such as duplicate publication, multiple submissions, and plagiarism. If any such behavior is detected, the editorial office reserves the right to take the following measures to uphold scientific integrity and ethical publishing standards:

  (1)  Reject the manuscript;

  (2)  Publicly notify and criticize the involved paper and author(s) within the academic and publishing community;

  (3)  Inform the relevant institutions to impose administrative sanctions on the principal author(s).

  
  

  5. Appeals

      Authors who disagree with the review comments may submit an appeal. The appeal must be submitted in written form, providing a detailed response to the specific review comments in question, and sent to the journal's official email address. The editorial office will evaluate each appeal on a case-by-case basis to decide whether it will be accepted for further consideration. Typically, only one appeal per manuscript is permitted.

  
  

  6. Corrections and Retractions

      If a published article is found to contain unintentional scientific errors that do not substantially affect the study's results or conclusions, the editorial office will promptly issue a correction notice, clearly specifying the changes made to the original article.

      If a published article is found to contain serious scientific errors or evidence of academic misconduct such as plagiarism or fabrication, the editorial office will initiate an investigation. The outcome of the investigation will be made public. If misconduct or major errors are confirmed, the journal will retract the article and notify relevant domestic and international databases to remove the article to cease its dissemination.

  
  

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