Abstract: To investigate the differences in immune effects of recombinant avian influenza virus（H5 + H7） trivalent inactivated vaccine on poultry and waterfowl，this study immunized different groups of SPF chickens and shelduck with the recombinant avian influenza virus（H5+H7）trivalent inactivated vaccine at 14 days of age（primary immunization）and 42 days of age（secondary immunization），respectively. Blood samples were collected before and weekly after vaccination to detect avian influenza virus HI antibody titer against H5 Re⁃13、H5 Re⁃14 and H7 Re⁃4 . Additionally，the expression levels of cytokine IL ⁃ 2，IL ⁃ 4，and IL ⁃ 6 in the serum 14 days after the second immunization（56 days of age）were assessed. The results showed that all three commercially available H5 + H7 trivalent inactivated vaccines could induce high HI antibody levels in SPF chickens within four weeks of primary immunization，with 100% qualification rates for H5⁃Re13，H5⁃Re14，and H7⁃Re4 antibodies. However，after primary immunization in shelduck，the qualification rate for H5⁃Re13 antibody was only 60%，with a low average titer，while the qualification rates for H5⁃Re14 and H7⁃Re4 antibodies were 60%⁃100% and 90%⁃100%，respectively. SPF chickens and shelduck could further increase HI antibody levels after booster immunization，but the antibody levels decreased four weeks after booster immunization. The immunogenicity of H5 subtype avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine in shelduck was much lower than that in chickens，while the H7 subtype avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine had high immunogenicity in both chickens and shelduck. The recombinant AIV trivalent inactivated vaccine did not induce the expression of cellular immune cytokines（IL⁃2 and IL⁃4）or significantly induce the expression of humoral immune cytokine IL ⁃ 6 in SPF chickens and shelduck. There was no direct correlation between the the differences in HI antibody levels induced by the various vaccines and the expression levels of cytokines IL⁃2，IL⁃4， and IL⁃6.

Key words: Avian influenza virus, Inactivated vaccine, H5+H7, SPF chickens, shelduck, immune effects

摘要： 为探究重组禽流感病毒（H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗对家禽和水禽免疫效果的差异，该研究分别在14日龄（一免）、42日龄（二免）对不同组别的SPF鸡和麻鸭免疫重组禽流感病毒（H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗，在疫苗接种前和接种后每周采血，检测禽流感病毒（AIV）H5?Re13、H5?Re14和H7?Re4的HI抗体效价，以及二免后14天（56日龄）血清中细胞因子IL?2、IL?4、IL?6的表达量。试验结果表明，3种市售禽流感病毒（H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡，均能在首免4周内产生较高的HI抗体，H5?Re13、H5?Re14和H7?Re4抗体合格率为100%；免疫麻鸭后，首免后H5?Re13抗体合格率最高仅为60%，且平均效价低，H5?Re14抗体合格率在60%-100%，H7?Re4抗体合格率在90%-100%。SPF鸡和麻鸭在加强免疫后可以进一步提高HI抗体效价，但抗体效价在加强免疫后4周出现下降。H5亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗在麻鸭体内的免疫原性远低于SPF鸡，而H7亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗在SPF鸡和麻鸭体内均有很高的免疫原性。重组AIV三价灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡和麻鸭后并未诱导细胞免疫细胞因子（IL?2、IL?4）的表达，也未显著诱导体液免疫细胞因子IL?6的表达，各疫苗诱导的HI抗体水平差异与细胞因子IL?2、IL?4、IL?6的表达量不存在直接相关性。

关键词: 禽流感, 灭活疫苗, H5+H7, SPF鸡, 麻鸭, 免疫效果