Abstract: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a significant zoonotic pathogen exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal distribution patterns in cross⁃species transmission. This review systematically examines how climate and geographical factors influence the transmission dynamics of S. suis. Through comprehensive analysis of global literature from 2000 to 2024，we demonstrate that：climate elements regulate both the seasonality and intensity of transmission risk by affecting pathogen survival in the environment，host immune status，and vector activity；geographical isolation shapes the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis in different regions，forming genotype distribution patterns with distinct regional characteristics；Southeast Asia is a global transmission“hotspot”，where the combination of high temperature and humidity climate with foodborne transmission significantly increases human infection risk；serotype 2 S. suis shows obvious advantages in cross⁃species transmission with strong“serotype filtering”effects. Based on the climate⁃geography⁃pathogen ternary interaction mechanism，multi⁃factor risk assessment models and differentiated prevention strategies are proposed to provide theoretical basis for constructing scientific early warning systems and formulating precise control measures.

Key words: Streptococcus suis, Zoonotic disease, Cross?species transmission, Climatic factors, Geographical
distribution

摘要： 猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis，S. suis）是重要的人兽共患病病原体，其跨物种传播呈现 显著的时空分布特征。该文系统分析了气候变化和地理因素对S. suis 传播的影响机制。通过 对2000年-2024年全球相关文献的综合分析发现：气候因素通过影响病原体环境存活、宿主免 疫状态和传播媒介活动，调节传播风险的季节性和强度；地理隔离塑造了不同区域S. suis 的遗 传多样性和种群结构，形成了具有鲜明地域特征的基因型分布格局；东南亚地区是全球传播 “热点”，其高温高湿气候与食源性传播方式相结合，显著增加了人类感染风险；血清2型S. suis 在跨物种传播中表现出明显优势，存在强烈的“血清型过滤”效应。基于气候?地理?病原三元交 互作用机制，提出了多因素风险评估模型和差异化防控策略，为构建科学预警体系和制定精 准防控措施提供理论依据。

关键词: 猪链球菌, 人兽共患病, 跨物种传播, 气候因子, 地理分布