Abstract: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to the lack of effective treatment drugs，tuberculosis is still widespread in the world，seriously endangering people's health. The BCG vaccine（Mycobacterium Bovis bacilli Calmette ?Guérin，BCG）is the only TB vaccine currently registered for humans，although BCG can create resistance to TB in children，it cannot effectively prevent tuberculosis in adults and the elderly. And with the increase of drug?resistant strains and HIV mixed infection，it is urgent to develop a safer and more effective vaccine than BCG. This article provides a review of the immune mechanisms of tuberculosis，the shortcomings of BCG，and the research progress for candidate tuberculosis vaccines.

Key words: Tuberculosis； Immunization； Tuberculosis vaccine； Bacilli Calmette ? Guérin vaccines； Whole??cell vaccines； Subunit vaccines

摘要： 结核病是由结核杆菌感染引起的慢病传染病。由于没有有效的治疗药物，结核病 仍在全球广泛流行，严重危害人们的健康。卡介苗（BCG）是目前唯一注册用于人类的结核病 疫苗，虽然BCG可使儿童产生对结核病的抵抗力，但是不能有效预防成人和老年人结核病的 发生。且随着耐药性菌株的增多以及HIV混合感染等问题的出现，迫切需要开发一种比卡介 苗更安全、更有效的疫苗。本文就结核病疫苗的免疫机制、卡介苗的不足和候选结核疫苗的研 究进展进行综述。

关键词: 结核病； 免疫； 结核疫苗； 卡介苗； 全细胞候选疫苗； 亚单位疫苗