Abstract: Embryonic stem cells（ESCs）are embryonic stem cells with self⁃renewal and unlimited differentiation potential，and they can theoretically differentiate into germ cells. At present，the differentiation of ESCs into mature sperm and oocytes has been reported in both human and mouse in vitro. In this paper，the endogenous and exogenous factors and methods of inducing ESCs to differentiate into germ cells in vitro were systematically summarized，and the latest research progress，prospect and application prospect of inducing embryonic stem cells to differentiate into germ cells both domestically and internationally were reviewed，hoping to provide references for researchers engaged in related research.

Key words: Embryonic stem cells, Germ cells, Induced differentiation, Directed differentiation

摘要： 胚胎干细胞（Embryonic stem cells，ESCs）具有自我更新及无限分化潜能，理论上可 以分化为生殖细胞。目前，在人及鼠中已有体外诱导ESCs分化为成熟精子以及卵母细胞的报 道。该文系统总结了体外诱导ESCs分化为生殖细胞的内源性与外源性因素及诱导分化方法， 并就目前国内外诱导胚胎干细胞向生殖细胞分化的最新研究进展及应用前景进行了综述，期 望为从事相关研究的学者提供参考。

关键词: 胚胎干细胞, 生殖细胞, 诱导分化, 定向分化