Abstract: PCR testing has become widely implemented in veterinary testing laboratories at all levels，yet minute nucleic acid contamination can readily compromise test results. This paper analyzes the primary sources of nucleic acid contamination and proposes an environmental surveillance protocol for veterinary laboratory PCR testing，covering sampling methods， detection techniques， monitoring frequency， and confirmation of results. Furthermore， it formulates comprehensive measures for preventing and controlling laboratory environmental contamination，including rational laboratory layout，establishment of a risk monitoring system，enhanced personnel training，appropriate placement of quality control materials，selection of optimal detection methods，and strict implementation of decontamination procedures. These integrated strategies aim to effectively control PCR contamination within veterinary laboratories，thereby reducing the occurrence of false?positive results.

Key words: PCR detection；Contamination；Environmental monitoring；Prevention control

摘要： PCR检测技术已经普及到各级兽医检测实验室，但微量的核酸污染很容易影响检测结果。该文通过分析核酸污染的主要来源，从采样方法、检测方法、监测时机、监测结果的确认等方面提出兽医实验室PCR检测环境监测方案，再通过实验室合理布局、建立风险监测体系、加强人员培训、合理设置质控物、选择合适的检测方法和落实消毒工作等方面制定出预防和控制实验室环境污染的综合措施，从而达到有效控制兽医实验室PCR检测污染，减少出现假阳性结果的目的。

关键词: PCR检测；污染；环境监测；预防控制