Abstract: West Nile Fever（WNF），an arthropod ? borne illness caused by West Nile Virus（WNV），is maintained in nature through a transmission cycle involving birds as reservoirs hosts and mosquitoes as primary vectors. This study，based on the WNV infection surveillance data noticed by World Organization for Animal Health （WOAH）during 2005-2024，using the WOAH risk analysis framework—specifically，an“Introduction Assessment— Exposure Assessment—Consequence Assessment”model，systematically carries out an import risk analysis of WNF by examining the pathogenic characteristics，cross ? border transmission mechanisms and global epidemiological features of West Nile virus. The results showed that mosquito?borne transmission，migratory bird routes and animal trade were the main risk factors for the importation of WNF into China，and the import risk of WNF has remained at a medium?high level for a long time. It also proposes a risk management strategy that combines standards，quarantine and supervision. To mitigate the import risk of WNF，a risk management strategy integrating regulatory measures， strengthened quarantine，intelligent surveillance，and technological advancements. This study aims to provide a scientific foundation for China's transboundary zoonosis prevention and control efforts，safeguarding both public health security and livestock production stability.

Key words: West Nile fever；Epidemic analysis；Risk assessment

摘要： 西尼罗热（West Nile Fever，WNF）是由西尼罗病毒（West Nile Virus，WNV）引起的人 畜共患虫媒传染病，鸟类为自然宿主，蚊虫为主要传播媒介。该文结合2005-2024年世界动物 卫生组织（WOAH）通报的西尼罗河病的感染监测数据，依据WOAH风险分析框架，“传入评估 —暴露评估—后果评估”模型，从WNV的病原学特性、跨境传播机制以及全球流行特征等方面 开展了WNF输入性的风险评估。分析结果表明，蚊媒传播、候鸟迁徙、动物贸易为西尼罗热输 入我国的主要风险因素，我国WNF输入性风险长期处于中等偏高的预警状态。为降低其输入 性风险，提出了响应法规、强化检疫、智慧监管和技术升级多措并举的风险管理策略。该文旨 在为我国的出入境人畜共患病防控工作提供科学依据，保障公共卫生安全与畜牧业生产安全。

关键词: 西尼罗热；疫情分析；风险评估