Abstract: Although antibiotics are indispensable in animal husbandry for treating bacterial infections，their excessive use is a major contributor to the development of antibiotic resistance，posing a serious and growing challenge to the industry. Therefore，exploring the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and formulating effective control strategies are essential to curbing the proliferation of antibiotic resistance. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current status of antibiotic usage，systematizes the various mechanisms of bacterial resistance，and reviews alternative strategies to address this issue，aiming to offer valuable insights and references for the development of new antibiotics.

Key words: Antibiotics；Antibiotic resistance；Animal husbandry；Countermeasures

摘要： 抗生素在畜牧业中主要用于治疗细菌感染。然而，其过度使用已成为诱发抗生素耐药性的主要驱动因素，导致畜牧业抗生素耐药性问题日益严峻。因此，阐明细菌耐药机制并开发有效防控策略，对遏制抗生素耐药性蔓延至关重要。该文旨在对抗生素的使用现状进行概述，系统梳理细菌耐药的多种机制，并对当前缓解抗生素耐药性恶化的各类替代方案进行归纳总结，以期为新型抗菌药物的研发提供有价值的见解与参考。

关键词: 抗生素；耐药性；畜牧；应对策略