关键词: 猪链球菌, 人兽共患病, 跨物种传播, 气候因子, 地理分布

Abstract: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a significant zoonotic pathogen exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal distribution patterns in cross⁃species transmission. This review systematically examines how climate and geographical factors influence the transmission dynamics of S. suis. Through comprehensive analysis of global literature from 2000 to 2024，we demonstrate that：climate elements regulate both the seasonality and intensity of transmission risk by affecting pathogen survival in the environment，host immune status，and vector activity；geographical isolation shapes the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis in different regions，forming genotype distribution patterns with distinct regional characteristics；Southeast Asia is a global transmission“hotspot”，where the combination of high temperature and humidity climate with foodborne transmission significantly increases human infection risk；serotype 2 S. suis shows obvious advantages in cross⁃species transmission with strong“serotype filtering”effects. Based on the climate⁃geography⁃pathogen ternary interaction mechanism，multi⁃factor risk assessment models and differentiated prevention strategies are proposed to provide theoretical basis for constructing scientific early warning systems and formulating precise control measures.

Key words: Streptococcus suis, Zoonotic disease, Cross?species transmission, Climatic factors, Geographical
distribution